Marin Cureau de la Chambre (1594 – December 29, 1669) was a French physician and philosopher who was born in Saint-Jean-d'Assé, a village near Le Mans. Details of his youth and where he attended school are unknown. He was initially a physician in Le Mans, and around 1630 moved to Paris, where he became a friend and physician to Pierre Séguier (1588–1672). Afterwards, he was a médecin ordinaire to Louis XIV. Reportedly the monarch was impressed by Cureau de la Chambre's ability to judge human character based on physical appearance.
Marin Cureau de la Chambre is largely known for his work in physiognomy. Between 1640 and 1662 he published a five-volume study on mans' character and "passions" called Caractères des passions. He wrote articles on many other topics, including palmistry, digestion, "reasoning" in animals, occult practices and optics. On the latter subject he investigates the nature of light and color, refractions, and the possibility of primary and secondary colors. He also wrote books on philosophy, and published a translation of Aristotle's Physica.
In 1634 he became an early member of the Académie française, and in 1666 was an original member of the French Academy of Sciences. He was also the father of clergyman Pierre Cureau de la Chambre (1640–1693).
He died in Paris.
In 1991 astronomer Eric Walter Elst named the asteroid 7126 Cureau after Marin Cureau de la Chambre.
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| Preceded by First member |
Seat 36 Académie française 1634–1669 |
Succeeded by Pierre Cureau de La Chambre |